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Apple says that “Error 53” is generated by internal security checks and was intended to protect customers, but the Internet tends to strongly disagree



From Fudzilla:
Hundreds of users have taken to Apple’s Support Communities forum and other online iPhone discussion areas to express their frustrations. If a user’s Touch ID fingerprint sensor or Home button cable has suffered any damage and needs to be repaired, doing so by a third-party technician (outside of an Apple Genius Bar) will effectively render the device useless if it’s updated to iOS 9.0 or later.

Kyle Wiens, administrator of the popular iFixit.com repair site, says “Error 53” has played out to become a major issue. “The problem occurs if a repairer changes the Home button or the cable,” he says. “Following the [iOS 9] software update, the phone in effect checks to make sure it is still using the original components, and if it isn’t, it simply locks out the phone. There is no warning, and there’s no way that I know of to bring it back to life.”
  iPhone Error 53 bricking repaired phones worldwide